Fuel level measurement has always been an import issue in aircraft fuel system. Optical fiber fuel level sensors have attracted more and more attentions in aircraft fuel level measuring field because of its intrinsic safety. This paper classifies all the optical fiber fuel level sensors into two types according to the way to modulate the optical parameters: light intensity modulation and wavelength modulation. Not only is the principle of the sensors introduced, but also the current development status is presented. Finally, the application tendency is discussed.