Metrology and measurement serve as a fundamental technical basis for ensuring the safe, reliable, and efficient operation of low-altitude equipment, and play a key supportive role in promoting the high-quality development of the low-altitude economy. However, existing metrology and measurement technologies are unable to keep pace with the large-scale, complex, and intelligent evolution of low-altitude equipment application scenarios. This paper systematically outlines the new requirements for low-altitude safety metrology and measurement at the national and industry levels, summarizes the framework of the low-altitude metrology and measurement technology system, analyzes the current status of research on metrology and measurement standards for low-altitude equipment, and reviews domestic and international developments in low-altitude metrology and measurement. From the perspective of low-altitude industry growth, it identifies shortcomings and gaps in existing metrology and measurement technologies. This article looks forward to the development trend of low altitude equipment safety measurement and testing techniques, pointing out the need to establish a sound low-altitude equipment measurement and testing system, research specialized measurement and testing platforms and solutions for low-altitude equipment, improve low-altitude measurement and testing scenarios, and provide technical support for the high-quality, efficient, and sustainable development of the low-altitude industry.