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CHAI Yu, CHEN Dezhang, LI Dezhi, LYU Kaihang, LI Haopeng, DANG Chaoqun, JU Bingfeng, YANG Chen
2026,46(1):1-18 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.01
Abstract:
This paper introduces the fundamental working principles of scanning tunneling microscope (STM), addresses how it comprehensively fulfills the three core requirements of atomic-scale manufacturing —— "visualization", "precision measurement" and "fabrication feasibility"， and examines its pivotal role in revealing quantum phenomena and constructing artificial atomic structures. Studies highlight that STM's environmental adaptability, ultra-high spatial resolution, and ultra-high temporal resolution provide key experimental evidence for revealing novel mechanisms and effects in atomically precise manufacturing. STM, based on the unique quantum tunneling effect, performs precise measurements of physical properties (e.g., electronic and magnetic) in fabricated structures, and establishes quantitative structure-property relationships between fabrication parameters and device performance, thereby providing a critical basis for process optimization and quality assessment. The deep integration of STM atomic-scale manipulation capabilities with automated and high-throughput modules represents a critical strategy for breaking-through its efficiency bottleneck and propelling it into industrial applications. This technological convergence will propel atomic manufacturing from the precise fabrication of individual structures to the efficient and controllable manufacturing of complex functional devices. Future research needs to focus on developing in-situ STM measurement techniques that can simultaneously achieve femtosecond-level temporal resolution and sub-angstrom spatial resolution, as well as expanding the comprehensive physical property characterization capabilities of STM systems under complex multi-physical field coupling conditions, so as to provide technical support for the development of next-generation quantum materials and information devices.
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LI Zhijian, LIU Hao, WAN Chao, HAO Hao, ZHAO Qingyuan, MI Qinggai, ZHANG Lei, LI Cong, SUN Bo, MAO Litao, WANG Huabing, WU Tengfei
2026,46(1):19-32 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.02
Abstract:
This study addresses the photon count distortion under high count rates and difficult positioning under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) condition in Four-Quadrant Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors (QD-SNSPD) The nonlinear correction mechanism for photon counts is introduced and an analytical solution for Gaussian spot localization problem after correction is derived. A differential localization method using non-integer power operations is proposed, which increase signal differentiation between positive and negative semi-axes through an exponent
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CHEN Caixin, LI Sixuan, YAN Ming, ZENG Heping
2026,46(1):33-54 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.03
Abstract:
This paper introduces the fundamental principles and classifications of optical frequency combs, reviews the generation mechanisms and representative architectures of electro-optic frequency combs (EOFCs), and systematically summarizes implementation approaches and performance characteristics of EOFCs on emerging material platforms, including thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) and silicon nitride (SiN), covering schemes based on Mach-Zehnder modulators, phase modulators and micro-resonator modulator. Methods for spectral extension of EOFCs are discussed, followed by an overview of EOFC applications in spectroscopy, precision ranging, and optical communications. Finally, future development directions are outlined, emphasizing that interdisciplinary integration and co-design can further reduce control complexity, noise sensitivity, and thermal drift, while improving accuracy, environmental robustness, and frequency-stabilization performance, thereby accelerating the practical deployment of EOFCs in precision ranging and coherent communications.
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ZHANG Yunrui, GAO Hao, LUO Bin, YU song
2026,46(1):55-62 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.04
Abstract:
In the process of ultra long span fiber frequency transmission, factors such as power attenuation and additional noise of active devices lead to weak frequency signal at the receiving end, which limits the signal detection resolution and sensitivity. To solve this problem, the research team proposed a dual-mixing time-delay detection of weak frequency signals enabled by local-oscillator optical enhancement. The weak carrier signal power was enhanced by a coherent laser, and the dual-mixing time-delay detection structure was used to improve the receiving sensitivity. At the same time, the high signal-to-noise ratio signal extraction was realized by combining with the balanced detection technology. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional intensity modulation / direct detection method, the dual-mixing time-delay detection of weak frequency signals enabled by local-oscillator optical enhancement can effectively improve the sensitivity of the receiver by about 10 dB, the RF power is increased by 25 dB under the same input power condition, and this method achieves excellent frequency stability, with Allen deviation of 2 × 10-13@1 s and 2.1 × 10-15@10 000 s, and stability of 3 × 10-17@1 s and 3 × 10-19@10 000 s under the condition of difference frequency of 10 kHz, which verifies the feasibility and significant advantages of the proposed method in high-precision optical fiber frequency transmission.
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ZHANG Qican, WU Zhoujie, WANG Yajun, LIU Yuankun
2026,46(1):63-82 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.05
Abstract:
This paper introduces the characteristics of structured-light-based three-dimensional (3D) measurement technology, including its non-contact nature, high accuracy, and high flexibility. It reviews the principles and recent research progress of fringe structured-light illumination techniques for 3D surface measurement in complex scenes, with particular emphasis on a series of studies conducted by our research group to improve measurement accuracy and efficiency. Application cases of fringe structured-light-based 3D measurement are analyzed in the areas such as large-scale fossil fault planes, high-dynamic-range workpieces, high-speed kinematic processes, and large-aperture and smooth optical components. The challenges faced by 3D surface measurement technology based on structured-light illumination are further discussed. It is pointed out that future advancements can be achieved through deep interdisciplinary integration, thereby further enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of fringe structured-light-based 3D measurement, overcoming existing technical bottlenecks, and enabling highly reliable and digitized 3D measurement in a wide range of extreme and complex environments.
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LIU Zihan, WANG Zeping, CHANG Bing, YAN Yingzhan, YAO Baicheng, TAN Teng
2026,46(1):83-104 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.06
Abstract:
This paper reviews the principles and distinctive features of optical frequency combs, and introduces the advantages of optical-frequency-comb-enabled laser ranging, including high accuracy, high measurement speed, and large detection range. The recent research progress of comb-based laser ranging methods is analyzed, covering time-of-flight method, dispersive interferometry method, frequency-modulated continuous wave method, and random-modulated continuous wave method. Finally, future prospects for optical-frequency-comb-based laser ranging are discussed. It is pointed out that by exploring new physical mechanisms for comb-based ranging we may further extend the measurement range, increase the update rate, and reduce system complexity; by developing new schemes for comb stabilization and flexible parameter control we can suppress noise and thus further improve measurement accuracy; and we can enhance practicality by establishing drift error monitoring and automatic calibration mechanisms across multiple time scales, as well as by integrating multi-parameter environmental sensing and an online refractive-index compensation chain.
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MA Long, LI Ying, HAO Jingtang, LIANG Kun, YIN Xutao, PEI Xin
2026,46(1):105-128 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.07
Abstract:
This paper introduces the advantages of white light interferometry, including non-contact operation, high precision, and strong adaptability. However, in practical measurements, interference signals are affected by light source instability, scanning nonlinearity, and environmental disturbances, leading to a significant increase in phase noise. The recent progress in the analysis and suppression of phase noise in white light interference signals is reviewed. Particular attention is given to a series of studies carried out by our research group, including the establishment of a multi-source noise analysis framework that incorporates random perturbations, dispersion errors, and vibrations, as well as noise suppression strategies. Finally, future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the need for deeper investigations into the formation mechanisms of phase noise, phase response characteristics, and coupling with system parameters. Multi-source noise modeling, adaptive optimization, and deep learning techniques can be applied to the analysis and suppression of phase noise in white-light interference signals, thereby advancing precision measurement technologies.
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CUI Hang, DENG Zhongwen, ZHANG Hengkang, WANG Shuzhen, SUN Haifeng, MENG Xiawei, ZHANG Shuwei, GONG Junyu, LI Xiaoping
2026,46(1):129-139 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.08
Abstract:
Traditional frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser ranging techniques are mostly implemented using tunable lasers or dual-light-source architectures. These systems are complex and difficult to engineer, and they suffer from error amplification in dynamic scenarios. To address these limitations, our research team proposed an FMCW laser ranging method based on electro-optic double-sideband (DSB) modulation. A frequency-stabilized laser and an electro-optic modulator are used to generate two oppositely swept frequency signals, which reduces the system size and mitigates dynamic errors. An all-phase fast Fourier transform (APFFT) algorithm was designed to achieve stable and reliable phase retrieval under highly dynamic and high-noise conditions. In addition, Kalman filtering was introduced to optimize dynamic state estimation and improve ranging stability. Experimental results show that, with a 20 m fiber link, the absolute distance measurement error of the proposed method does not exceed ± 20 μm. For a sinusoidally vibrating target with amplitude ≤ 500 nm and frequency ≤ 200 Hz, the relative displacement measurement error does not exceed ± 25 nm. These results verify the high reliability of the proposed method and provide strong support for promoting the engineering deployment of FMCW laser ranging technology.
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ZHANG Jinxu, YANG Yuetang, WU Guanhao
2026,46(1):140-146 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.09
Abstract:
Current full-field spectral-domain interferometry relies on wavelength or galvanometer scanning, which limits its ability to acquire full-field information in a single detection. To address this issue, this paper proposes a full-field spectral-domain interferometry technique based on a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD). By encoding the spatial light field distribution via the DMD, time-varying spectral signals corresponding to sequentially loaded masks are acquired, which are further decoded to obtain the amplitude response at each spatial pixel. Combined with the measurement algorithm, full-field information retrieval is achieved. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique enables high-precision spectral interferometric distance measurement and spectroscopic ellipsometric film thickness measurement, while significantly improving full-field measurement efficiency. The DMD-based full-field spectral interferometry technique is suitable for rapid three-dimensional structure recovery and reconstruction of sparse surfaces, providing strong support for efficient thickness and topography characterization of polished wafers, Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) substrates, and bonded interfaces.
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ZHAO Huijie, YANG Xu, LI Xiang, JIANG Hongzhi, LI Xudong
2026,46(1):147-159 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.10
Abstract:
Current domestic and international calibration specifications for structured light 3D measurement systems do not specify calibration methods for scenarios where the surfaces of measured objects are various non-diffuse reflective surfaces, and thus cannot fully meet the actual calibration needs. To address this issue, our research team analyzed the actual calibration scenarios of structured light 3D measurement systems, defined translucent surfaces, highly reflective surfaces and high dynamic range reflectivity surfaces from the perspective of optical properties, and designed standards applicable to different surfaces. In accordance with actual requirements, we formulated specific calibration methods, realizing the calibration of the capability of structured light 3D measurement systems to measure the geometric parameters of various non-diffuse reflective surfaces. The calibration method for structured light 3D measurement systems for various non-diffuse reflective surfaces proposed by our research team supplements and perfects the existing calibration methods for structured light 3D measurement systems, and plays an important role in promoting the development of structured light 3D measurement technology toward precision and standardization.
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LI Jie, ZHANG Chengyao, LIN Rongwei, LI Ruijun
2026,46(1):160-168 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.11
Abstract:
There is a lack of a universal and readily integrable online measurement and compensation scheme for six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) errors along the Z-axis of micro-nano coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). To address this challenge, this study introduces a synchronous measurement method for the axis of micro Z-axis linear and angular errors based on laser interferometry and autocollimation principles，and establishes a spatial error compensation model under Z-axis 6-DOF influence based on the Abbe principle and the Bryan principle. An in-situ and on-line Z-axis 6-DOF error measurement system based on the measurement method was developed and applied to a micro-nano CMM. Measurements were performed along the Z-axis on a grade 0 gauge block with a nominal thickness of 8 mm using the CMM. The results show that the measurement standard deviation and indication error are reduced by 54.6% and 54.3%, respectively, after compensation. This method, compensation model and the system provide a reliable solution for improving the measurement and machining accuracy of coordinate measuring machine(CMM) and other precision equipment.
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WANG Yiran, SHI Shendong, ZHAO Zesen, YANG Ruiqi, WANG Zibo, ZHU Jigui
2026,46(1):169-180 ,DOI: 10.11823/j.issn.1674-5795.2026.01.12
Abstract:
Changes in the beam incidence angle caused by variations in receiver orientation in a rotating laser scanning angle measurement system can introduce systematic angular measurement errors that affect the system's precision and robustness. To address this issue, a local projection model and a Gaussian light-strip distribution model were established based on beam propagation geometry and receiver structure characteristics, and differences in photoelectric response under different incidence conditions were analyzed. Furthermore, by incorporating attitude information provided by an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), an effective receiving surface model was constructed in the receiver coordinate system, and an error compensation method considering receiver structure features was proposed. Simulation results show that as the incidence angle increases, the photoelectric response waveform of the receiver becomes significantly asymmetric, with angular measurement errors reaching several tens of arcseconds. The proposed compensation method effectively corrected these errors, reducing the root-mean-square (RMS) error by approximately 90%. In precision turntable experiments, the roundness error of the receiver trajectory decreased from 0.81 mm before compensation to 0.17 mm after compensation, confirming the effectiveness of the compensation model. The study enriches the error modeling framework of rotational laser scanning systems, and provides an effective approach to enhance measurement accuracy and robustness under varying receiver attitudes.
Volume 46,2026 Issue 1
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LI Yan, 孙安斌, FAN Shuaixin, 孟宇航
Abstract:
In response to the requirements for automatic positioning and scanning of component curved surfaces during aircraft assembly, relevant research was conducted using the Leica ATS600 laser tracker. Based on the SpatialAnalyzer (SA) software, secondary development was carried out using Measure Plan and SA SDK, and a research method for automatic positioning and scanning technology of laser trackers was proposed. The research process is as follows: first, connect the measurement equipment and import the curved surface digital model and theoretical positioning point information; then, measure the positioning features and curved surfaces; subsequently, perform digital model alignment and relationship matching between the actual measured information of the curved surface and the theoretical information, and automatically generate a report based on the matching results. Finally, a set of automatic positioning and scanning system for curved surface measurement was built, and a large-scale curved surface standard device was used as the experimental object for measurement. The results show that the program runs stably, effectively addresses the inherent shortcomings of SA, and significantly improves the efficiency and automation level of curved surface scanning.
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Abstract:
Accurate acquisition of time of flight (TOF) is essential for high-precision ultrasonic thickness measurement. A time delay estimation method for ultrasonic thickness measurement signal based on fuzzy variable-step least mean square (LMS) was proposed, addressing the issues that the inherent contradiction between the convergence speed and the steady-state error of the fixed-step LMS algorithm in the traditional ultrasonic signal time delay estimation, and the poor adaptability of the existing variable-step algorithm under non-stationary echo signals due to the dependence on the fixed function model. The time-varying characteristics of ultrasonic echo signal were analyzed, and the single error feedback mechanism was abandoned. The local correlation coefficient error and its variation between the output signal and the desired signal were extracted as the dual input characteristics of the fuzzy controller. The zero-order Sugeno fuzzy inference system was designed, and the nonlinear mapping rule between the input feature and the step size factor was established to realize the adaptive dynamic adjustment of the step size factor. The simulated echo signals were used to carry out simulation tests under different signal-to-noise ratios. The results show that compared with the fixed step size LMS algorithm, the hyperbolic tangent function variable step size LMS algorithm and the fuzzy variable step size LMS algorithm based on instantaneous error, the comprehensive performance of the proposed method is better. The steady-state offset error is significantly reduced while ensuring rapid convergence, with higher measurement accuracy and anti-noise performance. The experimental platform of ultrasonic thickness measurement was built, and the thickness measurement experiments were performed on gauge blocks. The results show that the relative errors of the proposed method for different thickness gauge blocks are all smaller than that of the other three LMS algorithms, and the maximum relative error is 0.71 %. The fuzzy variable step size LMS time delay estimation method can provide feasible scheme selection and technical support for high-precision ultrasonic TOF calculation, which is conducive to promoting the development of ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology and has certain engineering application value.
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Wei Shi, 陈诗琳, Wei Meng, Zheyu Rao, Jing Nie, Huachun Fang
Abstract:
As a key mechanical property index of materials, hardness directly affects the service performance, operational safety, service life and comprehensive quality of core products in advanced manufacturing fields including aerospace, high-end equipment, precision instruments and the automotive industry. Given the inherent drawbacks of traditional laboratory hardness testing, such as random sampling, delayed data feedback and independent data silos, this paper proposes and develops a digital on-line Brinell hardness testing method for complex components represented by aero-engine blades. The proposed method overcomes key technical bottlenecks, including precise positioning of irregular workpieces under dynamic conditions, adaptive constant-force surface grinding, and high-precision recognition of low-quality industrial indentation images. Relying on the above technologies, a digital on-line hardness testing production line is constructed, which supports full-coverage hardness data collection and real-time traceable result evaluation. Experimental results show that the established system achieves four times higher testing efficiency, with the GRR% of measurement system analysis (MSA) reaching 17.42%. Long-term industrial application and verification on tens of thousands of workpieces demonstrate the effectiveness and technical advantages of this method in realizing in-situ, real-time, fully automated and traceable hardness quality control. This study provides a viable technical route for promoting the integration of metrology and testing under the background of intelligent manufacturing.
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Abstract:
Lidar point cloud and visible image fusion technology, by integrating three-dimensional point clouds with two-dimensional texture and color information, can provide a richer and more accurate data foundation for environmental perception. Compared to conventional LiDAR, single-photon LiDAR offers advantages such as photon-level sensitivity and picosecond-level timing precision, enabling high-precision three-dimensional point cloud imaging over long distances and in low-observability scenarios. The fusion technology of single-photon LiDAR with visible images provides a new pathway for addressing target recognition and localization challenges in complex environments. This paper introduces the fundamental principles of conventional/single-photon LiDAR systems and image fusion technology, analyzes the feature differences between conventional/single-photon LiDAR and visible images as well as the issue of image registration, elaborates on the research and application status of fusion technology between conventional/single-photon LiDAR and visible images, and finally summarizes and prospects the current state of conventional/single-photon LiDAR and visible image fusion technology.
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Abstract:
The application of high-precision spherical coordinate scanning measurement systems can significantly improve the efficiency of contour measurement for components with complex curved features, such as aircraft wings and fuselages, rocket cabins, and wind turbine blades. However, the metrology of such systems and the evaluation of contour parameters based on their scanned point clouds pose a major challenge in the industry. To address the traceability issues associated with high-precision spherical coordinate scanning measurement systems, this paper proposes a calibration scheme and related requirements based on large-scale physical surfaces. Theoretical and experimental studies were conducted on the structural design, structural mechanics simulation, and panel alignment of the standard device, along with system calibration verification experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can control the assembly error tolerance within 0.05 mm and reduce the RMS error to less than 0.01 mm, effectively supporting the establishment of traceability for the measurement system's accuracy.
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Abstract:
Silicon-based piezoresistive pressure sensors suffer from insufficient reliability and reduced service life due to issues such as output drift and sensitivity degradation in harsh environments. This study aims to systematically elucidate the physical mechanisms behind their stability degradation and to develop a high-precision life prediction model. Utilizing the physics of failure analysis theory, the research employed variable-amplitude cyclic loading and accelerated fatigue testing. Accelerated tests were conducted by applying alternating pressure with different amplitudes. A dataset of sensor failure degradation was established through microscopic examination and performance monitoring. This approach overcame the challenge of analyzing the coupled effects of multiple mechanisms, including diaphragm cracking, piezoresistor creep, and packaging stress failure, ultimately enabling the construction of a life prediction model under uniaxial pressure loading conditions. Accelerated life testing demonstrated that under a pressure load of 140% of the full-scale range, the sensor's linearity increased by over 50% after approximately 2.2 million cycles, which was defined as failure. The developed model achieved an error of less than 15% between the predicted and measured lifespan, enabling effective prediction of the sensor's failure cycle. The fatigue experiments conducted and the life prediction model developed in this study effectively meet the engineering requirements for reliability assessment and life extension of pressure sensors. This work holds significant theoretical and practical application value, providing crucial support for advancing the design optimization and lifetime prediction of highly reliable silicon-based pressure sensors.
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LIU Shijia, HUANG Junchao, XUE Yicong, CHEN Chen, ZHANG Yafei
Abstract:
In atomic clocks, the uniformity of the static magnetic field generated by the C-field coil directly influences the measurement accuracy of atomic energy level transition frequencies and the stability of the clock. To address the issue of insufficient field uniformity in finite-length solenoids under spatial constraints, this paper conducts a parametric modeling and optimization study on a multi-segment C-field coil structure placed inside a magnetic shielding tube, based on the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The results demonstrate that by adopting a multi-segment coil structure and optimizing winding parameters such as the number of segments and turns density, the magnetic field uniformity within the target region along the central axis can be significantly improved. Specifically, under optimal parameters, a five-segment coil reduces the magnetic field non-uniformity to 0.078% over a 40 mm range, while a seven-segment coil further optimizes the magnetic field non-uniformity to 0.033% over the same range. In this research, a compact multi-segment coil structure is optimally designed for the high-uniformity C-field of rubidium atomic optical clock in a limited space, and an efficient parameter determination method is provided.
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Abstract:
The chilled mirror precision dew point meter is a device for measuring the dew point temperature of gas, and it plays an important role in the humidity measurement system. However, the important parameter for measuring the dew point, the photoelectric signal, is insensitive to the change of the mirror temperature of the chilled mirror precision dew point meter, which makes it difficult to determine the optimal voltage change value at different dew point temperatures, resulting in low accuracy of the dew point temperature finally measured. In order to determine the optimal voltage change value at different dew point temperatures, solve the problem that the photoelectric signal is insensitive to the change of mirror temperature, and find the mirror state closest to the dew point moment, a mirror image feature analysis test based on the growth law of mirror condensation was designed. The test studies the relationship between the voltage change value of the photoelectric signal and different dew point temperatures, and analyzes the law under different dew point temperatures. At the same time, an electron microscope was used to analyze the mirror image at different voltage change values. The image features were extracted by calculating the number and density of condensates. The growth law of mirror condensate at the same dew point temperature and different voltage change values was summarized, and the selection range of the optimal voltage change value for different dew point temperatures was clarified. The problem that the photoelectric signal of the chilled mirror precision dew point meter is insensitive to the mirror temperature change is solved, and the accuracy of dew point measurement of the chilled mirror precision dew point meter is improved.
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ZHU Zhifeng, LI Xiaofeng, 武腾飞, FENG Zhanyu, GAO Qiang, LI Bo
Abstract:
For the precise ammonia (NH3) measurement, an ammonia measurement technique using femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge is proposed. Discharge is triggered by long filaments formed in air by femtosecond laser pulses. The plasma emission spectra of NH3 under different conditions were obtained by using a spectral acquisition system. The calibration curve for NH3 concentration was obtained by utilizing the ratio of peak areas of characteristic spectral lines in the emission spectra. The one-dimensional spatial distribution of spectral line intensity was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the ratio of characteristic spectral line peak areas exhibits excellent linear response to NH3 concentration. The one-dimensional spatial distribution of characteristic spectral line intensities exhibits good stability. Femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge for NH3 concentration measurement enables real-time quantitative NH3 detection with one-dimensional measurement capability. This technique provides a novel approach for real-time in situ measurement of NH3.
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Abstract:
The accurate measurement of boundary flow field is very important for hydrodynamics research and aerospace applications. To this end, we propose a femtosecond laser-induced cyano chemiluminescence (FLICC) technique. The femtosecond laser was used to generate optical filaments in methane/nitrogen mixed flow field and induce CN (B-X) fluorescence with high intensity and long lifetime, thus realizing high spatial and temporal resolution flow field velocity measurement. Experimental results show that FLICC technique can be effectively used in complex flow and high spatial and temporal resolution measurement of boundary layer velocity is successfully achieved.
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Abstract:
The fatigue test of aviation structural components is one of the key links to verify the fatigue strength and durability of the structure. How to accurately detect and correct the peak value of test data with periodic and large data characteristics is directly related to the effectiveness of aviation structural life prediction and damage assessment. This article uses fiber Bragg grating strain sensors to monitor the health of a certain type of aviation structural component. Based on the data obtained during fatigue testing, the problem of data errors caused by spectral distortion is first solved. Subsequently, a method for detecting and correcting peak values of periodic fatigue test data is proposed, which achieves rapid detection and correction of peak and valley values of test data. This method is superior to traditional methods in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and robustness, and is suitable for key scenarios such as aircraft structural health monitoring and fatigue life assessment.
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Abstract:
This review summarizes and classifies the main technical methods for the combined measurement of translational and angular vibration. It reviews contact-based measurement methods using vibration sensors, as well as non-contact techniques such as laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) and machine vision. Typical applications of these methods in the synchronous detection of translational and angular vibrations are discussed. Their applicability and technical limitations are comparatively analyzed in terms of measurement accuracy, frequency response, and interference resistance. This review further discusses future development trends in the combined measurement of translational and angular vibration. Future advances are expected to focus on two aspects: innovations in optical design and the integration of hardware with intelligent algorithms. In addition, a calibration system for the combined measurement of translational and angular vibration should be developed on the basis of absolute calibration using laser interferometry, so as to establish a complete traceability chain. Both contact and non-contact techniques are also expected to evolve toward greater system integration and scenario-specific customization, thereby better meeting the demands of complex operating conditions and practical field applications.
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Abstract:
Ultrasonic velocity measurement technology has become a research focus due to its non-invasive and pressure-loss-free advantages in addressing the measurement challenges of complex distorted flow fields, such as those in aero-engine intakes and industrial pipelines. This review introduces mainstream ultrasonic velocimetry methods, detailing the fundamental principles and calculation formulas of the transit-time method and the Doppler method. It focuses particularly on the ill-posed inverse problem inherent in ultrasonic velocity field reconstruction, providing an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms, strengths, and inherent ill-posedness of classical inversion algorithms including the least squares method, Tikhonov regularization, and truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD). The article summarizes key physical-signal joint processing strategies for mitigating significant ultrasonic beam drift and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Looking ahead, it highlights the integration of physics-informed algorithms, multi-physical field coupling, and system-on-chip implementation as pivotal pathways for advancing the technology toward enhanced precision, adaptability, and miniaturization. This work serves as a reference for future breakthroughs and the engineering application of ultrasonic velocimetry technology.
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Abstract:
A system review is conducted on the research progress of total temperature measurement and calibration technology for gas flow, the mechanism of measurement error in total temperature of gas flow is analyzed, focusing on challenges in total temperature measurement and calibration technology on engine and other scenarios, the latest research progress on high-precision, high-temperature, high-frequency gas flow total temperature measurement, and steady-state and dynamic calibration methods for temperature sensors based on calibration wind tunnels is summarized, the development trend of total temperature measurement and calibration of gas flow under multi field coupling and extreme working conditions is explored, which can provide reference and way of thinking for improving the accuracy of total temperature measurement in complex and extreme environments and supporting the high-quality development of aerospace and power systems.
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Zhang Qiuxin, Hu Dong, Bai Jinhai, Wang Yu
Abstract:
The preparation efficiency and transfer fidelity between different traps are crucial factors limiting the practical application of ultracold atomic systems in quantum precision measurement. This paper presents an integrated solution to address two core issues: insufficient power stability of optical dipole traps during evaporative cooling, and decoherence induced by Majorana transitions during magnetic trap transfer. In the preparation stage, a dual-photodetector based optical power feedback stabilization system was designed and implemented, solving the power control challenge throughout the entire evaporative cooling process (especially in the milliwatt low-power regime) and suppressing power fluctuations below 0.11% during critical phases, thereby achieving efficient evaporative cooling. In the transfer stage, precise control of the bias magnetic field in the quadrupole trap was employed to actively manipulate the position of the magnetic field zero, maintaining a safe distance between the ultracold atomic cloud and the zero point, effectively suppressing atom loss and decoherence caused by Majorana transitions. Experimental results demonstrate that after 6.8 seconds of evaporative cooling, ??Rb ultracold atoms with an atom number of approximately 3×10? and a temperature of 30 nK were successfully prepared and coherently transferred to a quadrupole magnetic trap for stable magnetic levitation. The preparation and transfer methods established in this work provide key technical support for building reliable ultracold atomic sources for high-precision metrological applications such as atom interferometry and quantum gravimetry.
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CHEN Shuang, SUI GuangHui, ZHANG XinYing, ZHANG PengHao, HUANG CaiXia
Abstract:
The hot-section components of aero-engines operate under extreme conditions characterized by high temperatures, high pressure, and high rotational speeds. Precise measurement of dynamic strain is critical for accurately evaluating stress distribution and fatigue life, as well as for the early identification of critical failure points. This paper systematically investigates a high-temperature dynamic strain measurement method based on fiber optic sensing technology. High-temperature-resistant grating structures, inscribed using femtosecond lasers, were installed and fabricated on the substrate surface via plasma spraying technology. The performance of the sensors was tested and evaluated using high-temperature static and dynamic strain calibration rigs that simulate the operating conditions of hot-section components. Finally, validation was conducted through two aero-engine test rig experiments: 1.Disk Rig Tests: Designed to assess high-temperature endurance and measurement accuracy. Results demonstrated that the sensors could withstand environments up to 650°C, with a deviation of less than 5% between measured centrifugal strain and design simulations. 2. High- and Low-Cycle Fatigue Rig Tests: Designed to verify dynamic strain measurement capabilities under blade vibration loads. Results indicated a discrepancy of approximately 1.3% between measured and theoretical resonance frequencies, while the dynamic strain amplitudes were consistent with the predicted design magnitudes.
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ZHANG Xuetao, WANG Yufang, CUI Jiahui
Abstract:
As the aviation manufacturing industry undergoes a digital and intelligent transformation, traditional inspection methods that rely on manual labor and paper records can no longer meet the stringent requirements for high efficiency, high quality, and high reliability in modern aircraft development. This paper systematically studies the connotation, architecture, and element interrelationships of the digital system for aircraft development and testing. Based on an analysis of necessity and the presentation of an overall approach, it constructs a system architecture comprising three layers (foundation, support, and activity) and eight elements (organization, technology, process, etc.), with a focus on the construction and interrelationships of core elements. Furthermore, it proposes an engineering verification scheme and implementation strategy. The research indicates that establishing a full-process, full-element, full-digital aircraft inspection system can provide an activity paradigm for integrating inspection into the mainstream digital aircraft development process, address the mismatch in inspection capabilities that constrain agile and efficient production development, and offer insights for advancing the digital transformation of specialized inspection institutions.
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YU Xiaoli, ZHANG Yongsheng, LIU Yanjun, ZHANG Lei
Abstract:
To solve the technical difficulties in the collaborative design of wide range, high accuracy, and smooth operation of domestic reciprocating piston flowmeters, a four piston linkage kinematic model based on crank slider mechanism was established, and the piston motion law and dynamic characteristics were systematically analyzed; By utilizing gap optimization control technology, the influence mechanism of motion pair gap on piston resistance and leakage was studied, breaking through the key technical difficulties of gap matching and dynamic sealing under high-precision working conditions, and ultimately achieving the structural optimization design of a four piston linkage piston flowmeter. Experimental tests have shown that the flow measurement range of the developed prototype can reach (5-10000) mL/min, and the accuracy within a 200:1 range can reach ± 0.54%. It can effectively meet the technical requirements of industrial sites for wide range and high-precision flow measurement, and has good engineering applicability. It plays a technical support role in promoting independent innovation and domestic substitution in the field of high-end flow measurement instruments in China.
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Wang, Wei, Liu, Jiamin, Cui, Xue, Liu, Shiyuan
Abstract:
Angle-resolved scattering, as a typical optical scattering measurement technique, has been widely employed in integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing for high-precision in-line measurement of nanofilm thickness, nanostructure topography parameters, and overlay errors. Its non-destructive nature, high sensitivity, high efficiency, and compact design make it well-suited for these applications. In this study, we developed an angle-resolved polarization scatterometer that integrates ultra-micro-spot polarized illumination with amplitude-division polarization analysis. This system enables single-shot simultaneous acquisition of both real-space and orthogonally polarized frequency-domain images of complex nanostructures within microscopic regions. Since the polarization properties of optical components such as the polarizer, waveplate, and polarization beam splitter significantly constrain measurement accuracy, this study proposes an in-situ stepwise calibration method for system parameters. Based on the principle of extinction ellipsometry, the polarizer azimuth, waveplate retardation and azimuth, polarization beam splitter reflection and transmission ellipsometric parameters, and objective lens orthogonal polarization transmittance were sequentially calibrated with high precision to ensure instrument accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed calibration method was verified through measurement experiments on standard SiO? thin films and rectangular grating samples. The results indicate that the in-situ calibrated instrument achieved a film thickness measurement repeatability of 0.1 nm, and the grating morphology parameters were in excellent agreement with standard values. This work provides a reliable and accurate in-line measurement method for nano-thin films and nanostructures, supporting process monitoring in advanced IC manufacturing.
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Abstract:
To address the issue of wind-speed distortion in the two-dimensional（2D） wind retrieval using traditional Velocity-Azimuth Processing（VAP）algorithm, the relative total variation（RTV）model is incorporated to improve the algorithm. Based on the correlation between wind-speed distortion and radial wind speed, a threshold is established to identify distorted regions, enabling subsequent correction. Then the RTV model is employed to eliminate irregular textures generated during the correction process，and extract the 2D overall wind structure. Furthermore, the local texture features of 2D wind field are reconstructed by the texture information from the actual radial wind speed. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm can effectively mitigate the wind-speed distortion issue in VAP algorithm. Compared to the preliminary results retrieved by VAP algorithm, the improved algorithm reduces root mean square error by 0.42 m / s for wind speed and 4.85°for wind direction, significantly improving the accuracy of wind retrieval.
计量所所庆65周年投稿绿色通道
理论与方法
计量所所庆65周年投稿绿色通道
计量、测试与校准
“超快光学测量技术”专栏
计量所所庆65周年投稿绿色通道
新技术新仪器
精密测量专栏
理论与方法
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Abstract:
Aiming at the problems of wire resistance interference and distorted measurement results in high-temperature strain measurement using long-wire strain gauges, this paper presents a high-temperature strain correction method based on the data collected by the strain indicator and the measured resistances of the strain gauge and its lead wires. By correcting the tested strain and resistance parameters, the real strain values of the strain gauge under high-temperature environments are obtained, and then the thermal output curves and sensitivity coefficients at different temperatures are determined. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of the proposed correction method are verified through practical engineering application cases. The results show that this method can effectively eliminate the measurement errors caused by long leads and high temperature, improve the precision of high-temperature strain measurement, and provide a theoretical basis and technical support for structural strain testing in high-temperature environments.
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Research Progress on Fast Distributed Brillouin Sensing Technology Based on Optical Chirp Chain
Abstract:
Distributed Brillouin fiber sensing realizes continuous measurement of temperature and strain along an optical fiber by extracting the Brillouin frequency shift, and has important application value in power cables, oil and gas pipelines, bridges, tunnels, and extreme-environment monitoring. Conventional Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) and Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) generally rely on point-by-point frequency scanning to reconstruct the Brillouin spectrum. As a result, the measurement time is jointly limited by the number of scanning points and the averaging times, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve long sensing range and fast dynamic measurement. In recent years, the optical chirp chain (OCC) has provided a new idea for rapid distributed Brillouin sensing by establishing a time-frequency mapping relationship. Focusing on the two technical routes of OCC-BOTDA and OCC-BOTDR, this paper reviews the basic concept and implementation principle of OCC, as well as its research progress in ultrafast measurement, long-range and high-performance implementation, spectral distortion suppression, vector measurement and polarization enhancement, and single-end online demodulation. In addition, issues including parameter optimization, rapid demodulation, and multi-parameter sensing are discussed, together with future development directions.
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A method for annular temperature field reconstruction fusing CNN-LSTM and hierarchical physical constraints
Abstract:
The reconstruction accuracy of annular temperature fields in high-temperature components such as aero-engine cores is critical for combustion efficiency evaluation and equipment safety operation. Addressing the complex characteristics of annular temperature fields, including radial gradient heterogeneity, circumferential periodic fluctuations, and local temperature inversions, as well as the limitations of traditional reconstruction methods in annular structure adaptability and physical compliance, this paper proposes an annular temperature field reconstruction method integrating adaptive Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation, a CNN-LSTM hybrid network, and layered physical constraints. The method first generates an initial temperature field through hybrid-kernel RBF interpolation with kernel parameters dynamically adjusted based on radial distance. Subsequently, a CNN-LSTM network extracts spatial local features to perform residual correction on the initial field. Finally, layered physical constraints are applied regionally according to heat transfer laws and observed inhomogeneities in the temperature distribution, ensuring the physical credibility of the reconstruction results. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by calculating error metrics using experimental data under typical operating conditions, and ablation studies are designed to further verify the specific contributions of each module.
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Research on Data Processing Methods for Surface Temperature Field Measurement of Turbine Blades
Abstract:
In the design of thermal protection for aero engines and hot-end components such as engine blades, accurate measurement of surface temperature fields is critically important. Domestic mainstream multispectral algorithms have enabled temperature measurement in complex thermal environments, preventing the influence of internal engine background radiation on temperature measurement. However, traditional multispectral algorithms are computationally intensive and require SVD decomposition of spectral data to calculate temperature field data. Additionally, the accuracy of turbine blade positioning signals depends on simulated speed signals, which can result in positional deviations in temperature data. Without speed offset correction, the calculated temperature data cannot accurately reflect combustion temperature non-uniformity or design defects in the disks and blades. This paper innovatively proposes two core optimization strategies: first, the 'multispectral + monochromatic temperature auxiliary correction' strategy, which increases computational efficiency by over 30% compared to existing traditional multispectral optimization algorithms without compromising measurement accuracy; second, an adaptive speed offset correction algorithm that enables dynamic adaptive adjustment of filter parameters, improving offset correction accuracy by 15% compared to existing adaptive correction algorithms. It can handle complex multi-speed operating conditions and addresses the limitations of current temperature measurement algorithms in engineering applications.
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Multi-System Cooperative Precision Measurement Technology and Platform for Large-Scale Complex Structure Assembly
HOU Guoyi, 赵子越, LI Runrun, SUN Anbin, LI Shuanggao, 黄翔
Abstract:
In response to the pressing demands for high-precision and batch assembly of large-scale complex structures in next-generation aircraft, this study addresses key bottlenecks in traditional digital measurement, such as inefficient measurement field construction, poor multi-equipment coordination, and the absence of an integrated cooperative measurement platform. Research on multi-system cooperative precision measurement technology has been carried out. An uncertainty propagation model for large-scale measurement fields and an adaptive planning method were established, and a multi-mode benchmark transformation standard device was developed, significantly improving the accuracy of cooperative measurement field construction. A measurement planning technique based on streamlined modeling and task-equipment coordination was proposed, supporting automated generation and simulation optimization of multi-station and multi-task sequences. Furthermore, a multi-system cooperative precision measurement platform for large-scale complex structure assembly was developed, integrating multi-equipment control, measurement planning, data management, and analysis. This platform achieves closed-loop control over the assembly measurement process encompassing "modeling–planning–measurement–analysis," leading to significant enhancements in both measurement accuracy and efficiency.
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Research on Spherical Collimator Frequency Sweeping Laser Interferometry for Distance Measurement in Accelerator Alignment
ZHANG Luyan, 张福民, MEN Lingling
Abstract:
The frequency sweeping interferometer enables high-precision absolute distance measurement over large scales, demonstrating significant research and application value in the field of accelerator alignment, where stringent requirements for measurement accuracy, stability, and environmental adaptability are imposed. A frequency sweeping interferometer system incorporating an HCN (H13C14N) gas absorption cell and an optical switch was developed to achieve multi-channel laser ranging functionality. Since laser trackers are widely used for equipment calibration and installation during accelerator alignment, a spherical collimator compatible with the target mount of laser tracker retroreflectors was designed. To validate system performance, distance measurement accuracy tests were conducted in an experimental environment simulating accelerator alignment. The results indicate that the designed system meets accelerator alignment requirements, with a ranging error not exceeding 30 μm within a 30?m measurement range. This system provides a high-precision, highly adaptable measurement solution for accelerator alignment, offering substantial practical engineering significance.
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Optimization Algorithm for the Deployment of Heterogeneous Nodes in Energy-Isoform Sensor Networks
Abstract:
The wireless sensor network is a crucial component of the Internet of Things (IoT), and ensuring its efficient operation has become one of the prominent research challenges today. By incorporating energy-replenishable heterogeneous nodes into the network, it is possible to effectively extend the network's lifespan. This paper establishes criteria for selecting the locations of heterogeneous nodes based on characteristics such as network coverage and data transmission distance. We propose an optimization deployment algorithm specifically designed for positioning heterogeneous nodes within heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, and we conduct a simulation analysis comparing our proposed algorithm with existing methods. The results indicate that our proposed algorithm demonstrates superior performance in terms of data transmission volume and energy consumption.
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