Aiming at the problem that the efficiency and accuracy of existing measurement methods for geometric features of large-radius short arcs are difficult to meet the inspection requirements of mass-produced parts, a new measurement method is proposed. Firstly, a coordinate measuring machine is used to measure the two straight edges connected to the arc, and the intersection coordinates and included angle of the two straight lines are calculated. Then, the direction vector of the angle bisector is solved. The coordinate measuring machine is used to approach the workpiece along the direction vector from the intersection of the two straight lines, and the contact point between the coordinate measuring machine probe and the arc is recorded. The distance between the contact point and the intersection of the two straight lines is calculated, and finally the arc radius is obtained based on this distance. Experiments were conducted to verify the application effect of the proposed method, and the results show that compared with traditional measurement methods, this method has higher measurement accuracy and shorter time consumption. The research results are of great significance for promoting technological progress in the field of high-end manufacturing.