This paper reviews the latest developments and applications of optical techniques for measurements in scramjet combustor. Three categories of measurement methods are summarized: one?dimensional method, two?dimensional method and three?dimensional method. One?dimensional method can measure the combustion species concentration and temperature at a point or along a line in the combustion chamber, which is an important means to study the characteristics of combustion chemical reactions. Two?dimensional method can realize the planar measurement of flame structure or flow field information, and is an important approach to study the mixing of fuel and air, flame propagation, and the interaction between flame and turbulence, vortex and shock wave. The three?dimensional method is an important extension of the measurement ability of the two?dimensional method. It can overcome the line?of?sight limitation of the two?dimensional method, and realize the three?dimensional measurement of the combustion field. It is pointed out that endoscopy technology will be an important approach to meet the needs of optical testing in realistic combustion chamber. This paper summarizes the major problems encountered in the application of optical measurement in scramjet combustion chamber. Possible methods to improve the maturity of optical measurement in scramjet combustion chamber is prospected.