In view of the fact that the current metrology work lags behind industrial development and is divorced from industrial demand, starting from the basic theory, historical evolution and application practice of metrology, this paper analyze the connotation of metrology and the relationship between metrology and measurement, and discusses the existing problems in concept, technology and management of metrology in combination with current metrology system architecture and actual work. Focusing on the elements of measurement system such as measurement requirements, measurement process, measurement standards and measurement result, it puts forward the entry point of integrated development of metrology and industry, and provides a reference for giving full play to the role of metrology under the background of strong quality and digital power.