Both the test tasks and test activities of civil airplane are discussed, and three kinds of tests are summarized in detail, including performance tests, function tests, and malfunction diagnosis. Combining with the analysis of test tasks in different stages, a technical frame about civil airplane test systems is presented, which includes five parts: tasks system, hardware system, methods and statutes system, traceability system, and persons. The construction of the test systems of civil airplane is discussed, and the importance of measurement ability in test activities is specifically discussed.