基于双探测器功率稳定与磁场零点调控的??Rb超冷原子高效制备与转移
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计量与校准技术全国重点实验室

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TB9

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Preparation and Transfer of ??Rb Ultracold Atoms Based on Dual-Detector Power Stabilization and Magnetic Field Zero Control
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National Key Laboratory of Metrology and Calibration,Beijing Changcheng Institute of Metrology Measurement,Beijing

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    摘要:

    超冷原子体系的制备效率与势阱间转移保真度是制约其在量子精密测量中实用化的关键因素。本文针对蒸发冷却过程中光阱功率稳定性不足,以及磁阱转移中马约拉纳跃迁导致退相干这两个核心问题,提出了一套集成化的解决方案。在制备阶段,设计并实现了基于双光电探测器的光功率反馈稳定系统,解决了蒸发冷却全过程(特别是毫瓦量级低功率阶段)的功率控制难题,将关键阶段功率波动抑制在0.11%以内,实现了高效率的蒸发冷却。在转移阶段,通过精确调控四极磁阱的偏置磁场,主动控制磁场零点位置,使超冷原子团与零点保持安全距离,有效抑制了马约拉纳跃迁引起的原子损失与退相干。实验结果表明,经过6.8 s蒸发冷却,成功制备了原子数约3×10?、温度30 nK的??Rb超冷原子,并将其相干的转移至四极磁阱中稳定悬浮。本工作建立的高效制备与转移方法,为构建面向原子干涉、量子重力测量等高精度计量应用的可靠超冷原子源提供了关键技术支撑。

    Abstract:

    The preparation efficiency and transfer fidelity between different traps are crucial factors limiting the practical application of ultracold atomic systems in quantum precision measurement. This paper presents an integrated solution to address two core issues: insufficient power stability of optical dipole traps during evaporative cooling, and decoherence induced by Majorana transitions during magnetic trap transfer. In the preparation stage, a dual-photodetector based optical power feedback stabilization system was designed and implemented, solving the power control challenge throughout the entire evaporative cooling process (especially in the milliwatt low-power regime) and suppressing power fluctuations below 0.11% during critical phases, thereby achieving efficient evaporative cooling. In the transfer stage, precise control of the bias magnetic field in the quadrupole trap was employed to actively manipulate the position of the magnetic field zero, maintaining a safe distance between the ultracold atomic cloud and the zero point, effectively suppressing atom loss and decoherence caused by Majorana transitions. Experimental results demonstrate that after 6.8 seconds of evaporative cooling, ??Rb ultracold atoms with an atom number of approximately 3×10? and a temperature of 30 nK were successfully prepared and coherently transferred to a quadrupole magnetic trap for stable magnetic levitation. The preparation and transfer methods established in this work provide key technical support for building reliable ultracold atomic sources for high-precision metrological applications such as atom interferometry and quantum gravimetry.

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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-26
  • 最后修改日期:2026-04-13
  • 录用日期:2026-04-14
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