As a crucial measurement tool for acquiring the 3D topography of measured surfaces in the industrial field, the measurement accuracy of structured light 3D measurement systems is jointly determined by standard standards, calibration principles, and calibration methods. However, for complex optical characteristic surfaces that are increasingly common in the field of high-end industrial manufacturing, such as translucent surfaces, high-reflective surfaces, and high-dynamic range reflectivity surfaces, current domestic and international metrological standards (e.g., VDI/VDE 2634 - Optical 3D Measuring Systems, and JJF 1951-2021 Calibration Specification for Optical 3D Measurement Systems Based on Structured Light Scanning) only specify requirements for diffuse reflection standards and diffuse reflection surfaces, which can no longer meet the actual calibration needs. Therefore, targeting the complex industrial application scenarios of structured light 3D measurement systems, this study defines translucent surfaces, highly reflective surfaces, and surfaces with high dynamic range reflectivity from the perspective of optical properties, designs standard standards suitable for different surfaces, further improves calibration principles according to calibration requirements, and proposes corresponding calibration methods. This enables the calibration of key geometric parameters (e.g., curved surfaces, flat surfaces, and distances) measured by structured light 3D measurement systems for multiple types of measured surfaces. It serves as a supplement and improvement to the existing calibration standards for structured light 3D measurement systems, and plays an important role in promoting the development of the industrial manufacturing field toward precision, automation, and standardization.