A systematic review is conducted on the research progress of total temperature measurement and calibration technology for gas flow. High-precision, high-temperature, and high-frequency gas flow total temperature measurement methods, as well as steady-state and dynamic calibration techniques for temperature sensors based on calibration wind tunnels are summarized. The principles and applicable scenarios of various techniques are elaborated. The sources of errors in airflow total temperature measurement and the technical challenges in typical scenarios such as engines are analyzed. The development trend of total temperature measurement and calibration of gas flow under multi field coupling and extreme working conditions is explored. Constructive suggestions are proposed, including the integration of non-contact and contact measurement technologies and the enhancement of calibration capabilities under extreme conditions, which can provide reference and ideas for improving the accuracy of total temperature measurement in complex and extreme environments and supporting the high-quality development of aerospace and power systems.