To accurately evaluate the metrological performance of airborne sensors under the prolonged, gradual, and cumulative influence of the natural environment, this study examines key technical aspects of the testing process — including preliminary preparations, test design, execution, result analysis, and reporting — based on the characteristics of both airborne sensors and natural environments. This exploration has resulted in the development of a relatively universal methodology for conducting natural environmental tests. These tests generate fundamental data on the changes in sensor metrological indicators, providing essential support for subsequent research on the performance degradation and the calibration cycle of airborne sensors.