In order to match the optical performance of low?temperature optical lenses of infrared space payloads, reduce background noise, and achieve high?precision on?board calibration of payloads, a deep?low temperature on?board calibration blackbody source device based on active refrigeration (operating at a low temperature of 100 K) was proposed. The spaceborne blackbody source device is composed of a face?blackbody radiator, an active refrigeration system of a low temperature chiller, a heat pipe of cooling capacity transmission, and a precise temperature measurement and control system. It was verified through vacuum radiation calibration experiment that the requirements of infrared remote sensors for the on?board calibration blackbody source: wide spectrum (2 ~ 16 μm), high emissivity (0.987) and deep low temperature (100 K) were achieved. The blackbody source for calibration on a cryogenic satellite can be used for on?board radiation calibration of infrared payloads for the detection of extremely distant, extremely cold and weak targets. The high precision, low power consumption and universal engineering design method of the calibration source provides technical support for subsequent related research and promotion.