As a cooperative target in the measurement process of a transient high-speed laser velocimeter, the technical state of the grating surface determines the quality of the laser Doppler signal. Especially under the high-speed impact of the projectile, the internal structure of the grating is easily damaged, and the reflected light cannot be incident on the sensitive part of the detector. Therefore, this paper uses LS-DYNA simulation software to analyze the performance of the connection between the anvil structure and the grating structure, and obtain the stress and strain distribution at the surface, so as to provide a reference for the layout of the grating structure. Secondly, in order to achieve the purpose of correcting the optical path, through the selection and design of the incident lens group, the range of the optimal deflection angle is determined to be 5.2 degrees. This not only solves the problem of large error in the output result caused by beam deflection, but also provides a reference for the optimal design of the grating structure.