Special sensors are indispensable in major national projects. The paper first introduces the development plans and strategies of major countries in the special sensors, then describes the development of China and the gap with foreign countries. From the direction of high temperature pressure sensor, micro-displacement sensor, quantum magnetic sensor, vibration sensor, humidity sensor, etc., the level of main research units and main products at home and abroad are compared, and the development trend of special sensors in China is predicted and suggested.