This paper aims to explore the latest research progress in spectroscopic technology and introduce the cutting-edge directions in the field of spectroscopic analysis, represented by metasurface spectrometers and computational reconstruction spectroscopic techniques. Firstly, the paper introduces the principle of metasurface technology, analyzes the advantages of lightweight and ultra?compact metasurface spectrometer, expounds the research status of representative metasurface spectrometers such as folding metasurface spectrometer and multi?focus metasurface spectrometer, and discusses the application prospect of metasurface spectrometer in the fields of disease diagnosis, quality control and information processing. Next, the principle of computational reconstruction spectroscopy is described, the characteristics and research situation of waveguide, spatial, filter coded and detector coded computational reconstruction spectrometers are introduced, and the application potential of computational reconstruction spectrometers in spectrum analysis and chemical research is discussed. Then, the principle and characteristics of metasurface hyperspectral imager based on free shape element and deep learning are introduced, and the advantages of combining metasurface and computational reconstruction spectroscopy are discussed. Last, it is pointed out that the combination of metasurface and computational reconstruction spectroscopy will promote the development of the spectrum measurement field to be more intelligent, portable and multi?functional. It is proposed that the spectral measurement technology can be developed more accurately and efficiently by optimizing spectral image reconstruction algorithm, encoder and photodetector design and manufacturing process in the future.