This article introduces the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) technology and the principles of active and passive damage monitoring methods, and analyzes the current research status of structural health monitoring technology for aircraft both domestically and internationally. It elaborates on the monitoring principles and applications of advanced sensor technologies such as comparative vacuum monitoring (CVM) sensing technology, intelligent coating sen? sor technology, fiber optic sensing technology, piezoelectric sensor (PZT) technology, and wireless sensor network (WSN) in various types of equipment. Typical applications of SHM technology on the F-35 joint strike fighter (JSF) are pre? sented. It is pointed out that aircraft SHM technology is developing towards intelligence. In the future, it is necessary to fo? cus on the intelligent diagnosis technology of sensor networks, SHM technology in complex environments, health manage? ment technology based on SHM technology, health monitoring technology for intelligent materials or structures, and to ap? ply frontier technologies such as deep learning and digital twins to the aviation field to promote the development of air? craft structural health monitoring technology in China.