This paper summarizes the research progress of metrology and test technology for optical properties of materials, including internationally mutual recognized calibration and measurement capabilities, international comparisons, national metrology primary standard facilities, verification regulations and calibration specifications, and national standards. It introduces the methods, principles, capability, and uncertainties of primary standards such as spectral rule transmittance, spectral diffuse reflectance, and diffuse transmittance visual density measurement facilities, as well as social common standards such as wavelength in a continuous wide spectrum. It also summarizes the national standards on the test methods for the comprehensive optical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of optical materials with colorless optical glass as an example. It concludes that the national metrology and test technology for optical properties of materials have been improved rapidly, with significant international and domestic influence, effectively ensuring the research and application of high?quality optical materials and high?precision material optical property measurement instruments, and promoting the high?quality development of the national optical material industry. With increasing demands for advanced optical materials in cutting?edge fields, it is very important to steadily enhance the technical infrastructure, continuously expand the measurement range, and deeply focus on the physical essences, to underpin the key metrology and test technology for optical properties of materials to further play a key role in the fields of precision measurement, efficient perception, digital reconstruction, intelligent decision?making, human?computer interaction and so on.