Ultra-high shock acceleration sensor plays an important role in weapon development, aerospace and other high overload measurements. Based on the primary calibration by laser interferometry, an ultra-high shock acceleration calibration device is established to calibrate the high shock acceleration. The composition and design optimization of the system are introduced. A suitable demodulation program and filtering algorithm are designed to demodulate the original Doppler signal. In the range of peak shock acceleration of 1 × 10⁴ g ~ 2.5 × 10⁵ g and shock pulse width of 20 ~ 50 μs, the semi-sinusoidal shock waveform is absolutely reproduced. Finally, the uncertainty components affecting the measurement results are evaluated. The measurement uncertainty of ultra-high shock acceleration is 8%, which is of great significance for the calibration of shock acceleration above 2 × 10⁵ g.