Laser Doppler frequency shift is not sensitive to internal vibration, which makes 3D laser Doppler vibration measurement a difficult problem. To solve this problem, various research institutions have carried out relevant research and put forward several solutions. In this paper, four methods of 3D laser Doppler vibration measurement based on different principles are introduced, including three-dimensional vibration measurement method based on multiple optical heads, three-dimensional vibration measurement method based on one LSV, three-dimensional vibration measurement method combined with stroboscopic method, and three-dimensional vibration measurement method based on single optical head. The advantages and disadvantages of each method and its practical application effect are summarized and prospected The future development direction of 3D laser Doppler vibration measurement technology.