According to the actual demand of railway pantograph and catenary safety monitoring, this paper puts forward the strain test with fiber Bragg grating sensor for real-time detection of changes in carbon slide strain. The contact force is measured by deriving the change of contact force from the strain. The scheme of monitoring pantograph and catenary contact state is introduced, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified from theoretical model and practical test, which provides a feasible solution for pantograph and catenary state monitoring.