In this paper, taking the single-axis test turntable system as the research object, the overall control scheme of the system is determined according to the technical requirements of the system function and performance, the key components are selected and matched, and the relevant mathematical model is established. At the same time, according to the dynamic test requirements of the system, the frequency domain characteristic method is used to correct the system and design the PID controller. The effectiveness of the control algorithm is proved by MATLAB simulation. At the same time, through the debugging in practical engineering, the positioning accuracy is not more than 2″, and the speed accuracy and stability are not more than 5×10-3. The operating frequency band is 10Hz and the amplitude error is less than 10%. This makes the system meet the requirements of the index and achieve the desired control effect.