Temperature is one of the parameters that characterize the state of an object and has important theoretical significance and value in scientific research and engineering applications. Accurate measurement of temperature has been a problem in harsh environments such as oxidation, high temperature, corrosion, and electromagnetic interference. The sensor material is the basis for the ingress temperature measurement. Sapphire single crystal fiber has the advantages of stable physical and chemical properties, high melting point and strong mechanical properties, and is a preferred material for high temperature testing. This paper introduces several methods for temperature measurement using sapphire single crystal fiber, namely sapphire fiber radiation high temperature test technology, sapphire fiber grating high temperature test technology, sapphire fiber optic high temperature test technology, sapphire ultrasonic high temperature test technology The principle, current status, advantages and disadvantages, and development trends of test technology are compared and compared to lay the foundation for sapphire fiber temperature measurement applications.