Airborne sensors must endure the long-term effects of the natural environment at airports. To accurately evaluate their metrological performance under the prolonged, gradual, and cumulative influence of the natural environment, this study examines key technical aspects of the testing process—including preliminary preparations, test design, execution, result analysis, and reporting—based on the characteristics of both airborne sensors and natural environments. This exploration has resulted in the development of a relatively universal methodology for conducting natural environmental tests. These tests generate fundamental data on changes in sensor metrological indicators, providing essential support for subsequent research on performance degradation and calibration cycle of airborne sensors.