This paper introduces the physical principles and typical methods of Rydberg atomic superheterodyne microwave measurement technology, elaborates on its research advancements in sensitivity enhancement, phase measurement, and dynamic range expansion, analyzes its potential value and current limitations in aviation equipment applications, and explores the developmental trajectory and key technical challenges involved in transitioning this technology from laboratory research to practical aviation applications. It points out that the current maturity level of this technology is in the transitional stage from theoretical breakthroughs to equipment integration. Furthermore, it proposes a three-phase roadmap for advancing this technology toward aviation applications: chip-scale integration of core units, enhanced environmental robustness at the system level, and mission-oriented networked collaborative sensing. It provides a prospective technology roadmap for constructing a new generation of highly sensitive, distributed, and intelligent aviation microwave measurement systems.