The basic principles of precision ranging based on soliton microcombs and their advantages in chip-level integration, high precision, and high speed are introduced. The principles and implementations of single-microcomb frequency-modulated continuous wave, chaotic ranging, dispersive interferometry, synthetic-wavelength metrology, and dual-comb ranging are elaborated. The development paths such as repetition frequency locking, frequency scanning, and parallel imaging are discussed. It is pointed out that the research in this field has progressed from proof-of-concept demonstrations to a new stage focused on performance optimization and practical exploration. It is further proposed that the future development will be characterized by system-level full optoelectronic integration, multifunctional reconfigurability, and deep cross-disciplinary convergence, through which a large-scale deployment of chip-scale precision LiDAR in automotive perception, industrial metrology, space exploration, and related applications is expected to be enabled.