This paper introduces the principles of the Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor, elucidating the technical features of measuring the information of microwave electric field strength, phase, polarization, and frequency based on Rydberg atoms. Then it analyzes the current state of microwave full?information measurement based on Rydberg atoms and discusses the challenges faced by absolute self?calibration measurements and continuous broadband high?sensitivity measurements. It points out that measurement sensitivity enhancement and continuous broadband frequency measurement can be achieved through external field modulation. Various modulation and demodulation techniques are suggested to simplify phase and polarization measurements and data reading. The paper also explores the potential advantages to eliminate Doppler broadening effect by adopting multiphoton excitation in atomic vapor cell systems and adopting cold atomic systems to enhance microwave measurement sensitivity. It proposes the possibility for future exploration of such characteristics of Rydberg atoms as high orbital angular momentum states and strong correlations to further improve the performance of Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensors.