The mercury ion trapped microwave frequency standard is pumped by the mercury lamp, and can achieve miniaturization. It has potential wide applications for the future satellite navigation, deep space explorations and time keeping for its advantages of small volume and high performance indicators. In order to improve pumping efficiency and reduce noise background, it is necessary to carry out optical design of mercury lamps, so that the pumping light can fully interact with trapped ions through the center of the quadrupole trap well while reducing reflection from the vacuum cavity and quadrupole rods. Firstly, two optical design methods, occlusion light source method and non proportional amplification method, are proposed. Then, the specific design process and results of the two design methods were introduced, and the energy utilization efficiency of the two optical design methods for mercury lamps was compared. Finally, the non proportional amplification method was used for optical path optimization design, and physical system signal detection experiments were completed. The experimental results show that using this optical design scheme, the amplitude of mercury ion light microwave dual resonance transition signal has been increased by more than 20%.