This article summarizes the basic principles of electric field sensing technology based on Rydberg atoms, and analyzes the advantages of Rydberg atomic electric field measurement, such as high sensitivity, broadband, traceability to the International System of Units (SI), and high spatial resolution. The effects of laser parameters, detector noise, environmental electromagnetic interference, and other factors on the sensitivity and frequency response bandwidth of Rydberg atomic field strength measurement were discussed. Methods to improve the sensitivity of field strength measurement, such as frequency modulation, re pumping, and parameter optimization, were introduced, and methods to enhance the frequency response bandwidth of measurement, such as single auxiliary field atomic heterodyne method and double auxiliary five level heterodyne method, were elaborated. Explored the application of Rydberg atomic electric field sensing technology in metrology, communication, radar, imaging, and other fields, and pointed out that the sensitivity of Rydberg atomic electric field measurement should be further improved by optimizing the atomic gas chamber structure, designing high?performance photodetectors, and improving the performance of optical cavities; We should conduct in?depth research on the sources of uncertainty in the measurement of the Rydberg atomic electric field, and conduct comprehensive testing and characterization of the Rydberg atomic sensor; The miniaturization and engineering design research of the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement related devices should be carried out to further improve the practical application performance of the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement technology.