To address the painful problems in the current research of visual tracking platform, such as the inability to have both large field of view and high resolution, and the difficulty of high-speed motion target tracking, we designed a novel visual tracking platform based on two-dimensional (2D) galvanometers. It can achieve real-time tracking of dynamic targets at 50 FPS and high-fidelity information acquisition after 100 × magnification, when we take into account the high frame rate and high resolution characteristics while ensuring the field of view. Firstly, the geometrical modeling of the optical system based on the 2D galvanometers is made, the coupling relationship between the optical path change and the dynamic angle of view is analyzed, and the coordinate transformation of the dual-camera cooperative system is completed. Secondly, for the real-time target tracking task, a target detection and tracking algorithm based on dynamic template matching and Kalman filter is adopted, which ensures the fast and accurate positioning of the target object. Finally, the performance of the system is evaluated from the four aspects of dynamic field of view, response speed, tracking target positioning accuracy and tracking target limit speed, and several typical scenarios are selected to analyze the application fields of the system. The results show that the special dual-camera cooperative working mode and extremely fast dynamic response characteristics of the system well compensate for the shortcomings that exist in a visual tracking platform, and have broad application in the fields of intelligent monitoring, intelligent transportation, and military defense. It is proved that our system has broad application prospects and high research value.