Aiming at the problem of calibrating the full-range air pressure sensitivity of inertial devices, an air pressure box structure capable of resisting high centrifugal acceleration is invented, and a centrifugal-air pressure composite calibration device is developed to realize the calibration of the air pressure characteristics of inertial devices under the condition of large g value. Two working modes are designed based on the centrifugal-air pressure compound calibration device. When the centrifuge is stationary, the precise pressure control of the centrifugal-air pressure compound calibration device is realized by using precise pressure measurement and control systems such as vacuum pump and high-precision pressure sensor. When the centrifuge is working, the pressure maintaining scheme of the centrifugal-air pressure composite calibration device is realized through sealing technology and the like. Therefore, the device organically integrates high linear acceleration and air pressure environment by precisely controlling the air pressure in the experimental box installed on the centrifuge, and provides a reliable acceleration and air pressure compound metering calibration environment for the accelerometer. The experimental results verify that the designed air pressure box structure can realize precise control of the air pressure in the range of 1 kPa to 100 kPa and the air pressure deviation is better than 10 Pa.