With the expansion of application fields, the forms of turntables have become diversified, and the traditional precision calibration methods of turntables have limitations. A calibration method for positioning accuracy of turntables based on coordinates is proposed. It measures the coordinate values of the positioning point with a coordinate measuring device, uses the least square method to obtain the space circle equation, uses the uncertainty weight fusion algorithm to optimize the objective function, and eliminates the axial error by coordinate system transformation to obtain the angle value of the turntable movement. The factors affecting the calibration accuracy are analyzed, and an optimization method is proposed. The method is applied to the calibration experiments of one-dimensional and three-dimensional turntables, and the results prove the usability and portability of the method.