A novel digital collimation telescope with self-calibration is presented. By combining micrometric collimation telescope with CCD camera which is used to collect the visual field of the micrometric collimation telescope instead of eyes, it realizes measurement in the whole digital visual field. Through the calibration of the CCD camera's angular equivalent and position equivalent, the positions and angles can be calculated directly. The experimental results show that the position uncertainty of the system is superior to a laser tracker; the angular uncertainty of the system is superior to a theodolite. Therefore, the digital collimation telescope can be used for industrial large-scale measurement.