Microwave measurement technology is widely used in data communication, radar detection, satellite positioning and navigation, meteorology, and other fields, and has become a key strategic need in aviation worldwide. Compared to traditional microwave measurement methods, microwave precision measurement technology based on Rydberg atoms, due to their large electric dipole moment, high polarization rate, and sensitivity to external electromagnetic fields, not only offers superior resolution and sensitivity, but also provides non-destructive measurement and a wide frequency response from electrostatic fields to terahertz. This article introduces the physical principles and measurement methods of microwave measurement using Rydberg atoms, focusing on the research progress in improving measurement sensitivity, phase measurement, and dynamic range using superheterodyne microwave technology for Rydberg atoms, and analyzes its future application directions in the aviation field.